China's absolute poverty relief standards

Delineation of a country or a region of the poverty line, which is the minimum standard of protection is to implement an absolute prerequisite for poverty relief. The so-called poverty line, is the minimum standard of living of the average standard of living and social gap between the amount of a defined. China used to the per capita net income of the poverty line indicators and use it as the standard by the price index adjustment each year to determine the poverty standard. If our country in 2003 (absolute) poverty line for the annual per capita net income of 637 yuan.

The question now is, at present around by the official poverty line of the implementation of the standards, the actual coverage is also very limited (Tang Jun, 10% to 20%) of the urban minimum living standard security system to implement the results show that "China's poverty The family has been in social assistance, it is not hungry, clothing does not Biti, the homeless, but it is only able to maintain the most basic living conditions and live. In health, education and social context, they Many of the most basic needs are met is very difficult. As a result, their life is also far from the quality of life and human dignity. " And we all know, Western help poor countries there is a legal and moral bottom line, that is, "so that everyone can live with dignity." This shows that, even if our country is relatively better urban minimum living standard security system has yet to be improved. This is because China's cities, "low" system is only taking into account the life of the urban poor relief, and in accordance with international practices, those living in absolute poverty relief (the minimum living), including life in general relief, medical relief, education, relief, Residential relief, relief delivery, job search assistance and relief to the funeral, and other areas. By contrast, even if the current implementation of the relatively better city "minimal assurance" system, only one seventh of the work done, to protect its natural effect is difficult to achieve, "so that everyone can live with dignity" Level.

Compared to developed countries, per capita income 50% to 60% of the poverty line (actually a relative poverty standard), China's absolute poverty line standard is very low. However, taking into account China as a developing country with a large population of the actual national conditions, we can not be developed in the light of the relative poverty standard. There is a reference to international standards worthy of our country: in 1976 the international poverty line of OECD standards - a country or region per capita monthly salary of 1 / 2 or 1 / 3. In fact, many countries are based on the median income of 1 / 3 to determine the absolute poverty relief standards, the standards of developing countries in line with the actual. China's consideration of the level of economic development, the government's financial affordability of urban and rural residents, as well as the actual minimum needs and other factors, we believe that China's absolute poverty relief standards adopted this standard should be more reasonable. And according to figures released by the Government of China: 2005 China's urban residents per capita disposable income reached 10,493 yuan, the per capita net income of rural residents reached 3255 yuan (in 2006 the government work report). According to the urban and rural residents per capita net income of 1 / 3 to count, China's absolute poverty relief should be the standard of 3500 yuan per person per year (urban areas) and 1,100 yuan (rural areas). Compare the current poverty line standards, is more or less on the present basis increased 50%, this growth is increased at all levels of government in absolute poverty relief the financial burden of expenditure, but in recent years in view of our country at all levels of government revenue High growth rate, the affordability of public finances should also not appear difficult to support.

Chinese living in absolute poverty relief targets of the scope of the problem

The object of absolute poverty relief, according to the minimum subsistence guarantee system for the whole line of civil society in general to apply the principle that all should be lower than the real income of the local government to determine the poverty line (taking into account China's economic and social development around the level of difference) of the urban and rural residents . However, for absolute poverty relief system to facilitate the operation of China's absolute poverty relief legislation it is necessary to target relief to be determined more or less. China's combination of the actual situation, we believe that our current system of absolute poverty relief should be covered by the main target should include the following categories: First, no source of income, are unable to work, will be unable to support dependents or residents of this part of the people Usually belong to the tradition of absolute poverty relief targets; Second, the expiration of unemployment insurance failed to re-employment, per capita household income is less than the minimum living standard of residents; three family members in-the-job, but to receive a salary or minimum wage, pension After the family per capita income is still lower than the local minimum living standard of residents; Fourth, as a result of natural and man-made life difficult for the time being caused by the UN (village) people. These four persons belonging to China's economic reform and social change and the emerging target absolute poverty relief. In addition, there are a number of national policies and regulations to protect the special object.

Britain's system for the poor development of the history of China's absolute poverty relief Legislation

After the founding of New China, China has established a relief, including poverty, natural disaster relief, rescue, as well as special targets of anti-poverty work, the various poverty relief system. With the in-depth development of economic system reform, China's traditional poverty relief system in a variety of defects have become increasingly prominent. Mainly: relief object and the actual coverage is extremely limited, low standards of relief at a cost of a serious shortage of the work of the randomness is too large, its strong sense of emergency, and so on. More importantly, as China's socialist market economic system, profound change in the planned economic system, various units of society "unit" features the rapid weakening of the original to a large extent dependent on society "unit."

(Or rural collective) model to sustain the relief. As some scholars have said, "China's current social assistance system is flawed, China's social security is a top priority this will be the minimum standards of safety net to re-design, re-installed so that it can for each member of society The living standards of play 'at the end of Paul' role. "

Britain and other Western countries from poverty relief system design and legislative success, combined with China's actual situation of absolute poverty, absolute poverty relief in China and the Legislature should resolve the absolute poverty relief targets defined criteria to determine relief, the main system of choice And the design of the relief mechanism to raise the necessary funds, and so on several key technical problems. Here, I would like to talk about his family and, of course, in order to be able to offer their valuable suggestions.

Britain's poor system design experience

From a historical point of view, the United Kingdom on behalf of the European countries in modern times before and after the beginning of the implementation of the system for the poor, promoting social solution to the problem of poverty has played an important role. In addition, Britain and other Western European countries, "the history of the poor" is also strong evidence of a basic principle: the survival of resolving the problem of poverty, the government-led relief community has its own unique advantages - that the limited funds in a targeted manner with To the more immediate needs of the people involved.

We study in the United Kingdom poverty relief system will be the history of the development is not hard to see from the British Poor Law of the traditional social system, its modern social security system within the national relief system in the arrangement of the system with distinct historical inheritance. Moreover, whether the Poor Law of the traditional social system, or modern society, a national relief system, from design ideas, technical arrangements and other characteristics of the system to the point of view, have a lot in common. These "common", is more a reflection of Western countries on the poor grasp of the law practice and, therefore, its successful experience in the practice of the poor. To sum up, which we can focus on the reference to the experience of the principal in the following areas:

1. Relief to poor countries bear the primary responsibility. Britain's poor track the evolution of the system reflects the Government's responsibility to strengthen the poor. It is based on the Government's commitment to the community of the poor to provide relief to the basic functions and responsibilities of modern society, most of the poverty relief system was set up under the government-led, mainly through government legislation or to identify the poor relief system, the input tax revenue and so on Public resources, redistribution of national income, to set up a special body to be responsible for the implementation and management of the legal system in the track on the entire operation of the system or the system. Moreover, the practical level, the United Kingdom also pay more attention to the central and local governments at all levels of segregation of duties, as well as monitoring and coordinating mechanism to build.

2. Differential treatment, classified management. Britain in the history of the various poverty relief system have emphasized the social differential treatment for the poor. If the old Poor Law will have the ability to work and not work separately, the National Relief Law to the National Relief standard set of different types and standards. This principle is not only solve the problem of poverty relief of the objective requirements of social assistance also reflects the balance between "fairness and efficiency" of the features of the law.

3. The content of the comprehensive relief. Whether Britain is in the history of the Poor Law, or its post-war relief to the implementation of the national law, emphasized a comprehensive relief. Poor Law as provided for in both the content of relief to the poor, the disabled, the sick and elderly people to donate supplies to aid in life, but also local governments have the ability to work for the poor to facilitate the provision of employment, but also on the theory For the young children of beggars so that it intended to have a job to earn a living skills training, which came into effect in 1948 of the National Relief Act, the poor are provided housing or rent subsidies, family income and other related services. Can be seen, the British relief of poverty is a comprehensive relief, including its financing of living, employment support, housing or rent assistance and other related support services.

4. To raise the necessary funds, in order to highlight the main government-funded approach. If the Poor Law stipulates that the state of poor funding, primarily by the poor to raise taxes, and national laws provide relief to the implementation of national relief spending to be approved by parliament by the financial burden of funding. This way of financing the poor not only embodies the government's responsibility to implement, and effective protection of the poverty relief funds.

5. In the relief operation and the target, to emphasize the special nature of the object, that is, only those who rely on their own can not solve the basic livelihood of (the direct cause of the income is too low) of the poor. At the same time, operating procedures, emphasized recipient of (or applicants) have to be approved by the Government to confirm or review procedures. British nationals to carry out relief on eligible applicants on the basis of the criteria for the review of the official poverty line. This confirmed the qualifications of the technical program, in fact, in order to ensure the allocation of limited resources to the much-needed relief to specific groups (not solve the basic livelihood of the poor) people. We can see that the specific targets of poverty relief and the special nature of the procedure is closely linked to two fundamental questions.

As noted above, the United Kingdom in the history of a lot of the poor to the core content of the laws or relief system, the basic idea of the main principles and framework of the system in areas such as system has its built-in "general" of these systems. "Common", not only from one side of the relief of poverty reflects the inherent requirement and the objective laws of our country are living in absolute poverty relief legislation with the very theory and practice reference value.